Use in the Bible: In the Old Testament
Adonai occurs 434 times. There are heavy uses of
Adonai in Isaiah (
e.g., Adonai Jehovah). It occurs 200 times in Ezekiel alone and appears 11 times in Daniel Chapter 9.
Adonai is first used in
Gen 15:2.
Variant spellings: None
TWOT Reference: 27b
Strong's Reference: 0136
Adonai in the Septuagint: kurios — Lord, Master
Meaning and Derivation: Adonai is the verbal parallel to
Yahweh and
Jehovah.
Adonai is plural; the singular is adon. In reference to God the plural
Adonai is used. When the singular
adon is used, it usually refers to a human lord.
Adon is used 215 times to refer to men. Occasionally in Scripture and predominantly in the Psalms, the singular
adon is used to refer to God as well (
cf. Exd 34:23). To avoid contravening the commandment "Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain" (
Exd 20:7), sometimes
Adonai was used as a substitute for
Yahweh (YHWH).
Adonai can be translated literally as, "my lords' " (both plural and possessive).
Further references of the name Adonai in the Old Testament: Complete list available
here.